The Ulster Plantation was a planned process of colonisation which took place in Ulster during the early 17th century in the reign of James I of England.

English and Scottish Protestants were settled on land that had been confiscated from Catholic Irish landowners following the Flight of the Earls in 1607. It was the biggest and most successful of the Plantations of Ireland.  

Ulster had been the the most resistant of Ireland's provinces to English invasion in the 16th century.  So King James thought it very important to bring it under control.