In Medieval times, a charter was a document issued by a sovereign, though it can refer to documents issued by other authorities. The document conferred certain rights and privileges on people or institutions. At this time in history, a charter was also used to record the granting of lands and other property. Today, documents that record the transfer of property ownership are called deeds.
The most famous charter in history is Magna Carta, which is Latin for Great Charter. It was drawn up in June of 1215, when a group of English barons demanded a charter of liberties. This was to protect them against King John's oppressive demands and inconsistent administration of justice. The terms of Magna Carta were negotiated at Runnymede, which is a meadow beside the River Thames. The 'Articles of the Barons' were drawn up and given the King's Seal. Later in the month, the Royal Chancery produced the document that became known as Magna Carta.
Magna Carta itself was only ever enforced in a limited way. However, it has had a broad influence on various social movements throughout history that were concerned with equality and human rights. It has also influenced the constitutions of various countries throughout the world. Although the original document had limitations and was revised throughout history, Magna Carta is still regarded as important in the context of English history, folklore and law. Four copies of the original 1215 document still survive to this day.