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Ruins of Monaincha monastery, near Roscrea, once in a boggy marsh.
Ruins of Monaincha monastery, near Roscrea, once in a boggy marsh.
The ruins of the early Christian monastery at Monaincha near Roscrea are illustrated here and now stand in a landscape quite different to the original setting.
Courtesy of Arnold Horner 2006.
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Poulaphouca, Co. Wicklow
Poulaphouca, Co. Wicklow
A photograph of Poulaphouca, Co. Wicklow.
Courtesy of M Beggs
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Sailboats on Lough Ree
Sailboats on Lough Ree
Colour photograph of sailboats on Lough Ree
© Ann Hennessey
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Map of Monaincha in 1799.
Map of Monaincha in 1799.
This map shows the monastic site in a lake or marsh, with 'old fish ponds' nearby.
Map from Antiquities of Ireland by Ledwich 1799
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Hill of Tara
Hill of Tara
The Hill of Tara, in Co. Meath, has been a sacred place since ancient times. The earliest feature is a Neolithic passage grave (visible on the left), dating from about 2800 BC. The two circular earthworks in the centre of the mound are ring forts. Up to about AD 560, the hill was the seat of the kings of Ireland.
Copyright Shamrock Designs 1999-2002.
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Templetuohy Bog
Templetuohy Bog
A photograph of a raised bog development near Templetuohy, Co. Tipperary.
Courtesy of Dr. Arnold Horner
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Shannon catchment area
Shannon catchment area
A map of Ireland highlighting the main catchment area of the River Shannon, and also shown the catchment area of other Irish rivers.
Courtesy of Arnold Horner
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Banada Friary
Banada Friary
Banada Abbey. Drawn on the spot, Octoebr 18th 1878 for Colonel Cooper by William Frederick Wakeman.
Copyright Sligo County Library
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The Bend on the Blackwater
The Bend on the Blackwater
For most of its 167 km journey to the sea, the direction taken by the River Blackwater is influenced by geological structures that encourage its flow from west to east. These geological structures are linked to a great mountain folding some 300 million years ago and have produced a series of ridges and valleys that follow west-east axes. The Lee (89km) and Bandon (72 km) rivers also follow these geological ‘gutters’ for much of their course to the sea. Looking at the geology and at the physical features, it seems as if the Blackwater should continue eastwards and flow out to sea at Dungarvan Harbour. Instead, this river turns abruptly south at Cappoquin and forces its way through several ridges to reach the sea at Youghal. The Lee and Bandon make similar, if rather less abrupt, turns south. The reasons for this unusual behaviour have been extensively debated by geographers and geologists. One suggestion is that the north-south sections of the rivers of south Munster originated tens of millions of years ago when this part of Ireland had a chalk (Cretaceous) cover that has now disappeared. With many, many millions of years of erosion, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of metres of younger rock were removed, and the west-east ‘gutters’ in the older folded rocks were exposed and became major drainage channels. However, the lower sections of some of the well-established north-south rivers had sufficient energy to continue to dominate. The result is that in their lower reaches the great west-east flowing rivers divert along the long-established routes of older north-south flowing rivers. Ideas like this are of interest because they help us appreciate that some parts of the landscape may have great age. But they are also very puzzling and sometimes seem to raise more questions than they answer. Many of us may be satisfied just to gaze at that great river bend at Cappoquin and to wonder at the wooded beauty of the lower Blackwater.
Map drawn by Stephen Hannon.
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The River Shannon
The River Shannon
Diagram showing the River Shannon
Courtesy of Seabhcan
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