An Cultúr Gaelach
Stair na Gaeilge
An Ghaeilge
Cé nach bhfuil aon dáta cruinn againn le haghaidh Choncas na gCeilteach is féidir a rá gur leis na Ceiltigh, sa dara leath den chéad mhílaois roimh Chríost, a tháinig an teanga ar a dtugtar an Ghaeilge uirthi inniu go hÉirinn an chéad lá. Níl mórán ar eolas againn faoi na teangacha réamh-Cheilteacha a bhí á labhairt sa tír roimhe seo ach tá scoláirí ar aon tuairim gurb amhlaidh gur fhág na teangacha seo rian ar an gCeiltis a bhí á labhairt ina dhiaidh sin. Tá sé sin go feiscint go príomha in ainmneacha pearsanta agus ainmneacha treibhe.
An Ghaeilge mar Theanga Cheilteach
Teanga Cheilteach í an Ghaeilge a bhaineann leis na teangacha sin ar a dtugtar teangacha Ind-Eorpacha orthu. Tógann sí a hainm ó na Gaeil, nó Goídil, na Ceiltigh sin a bhain ceannasaíocht chultúrtha agus pholaitiúil amach in Éirinn agus a thug a dteanga leo anonn go hAlbain agus Oileán Mhanainn mar a raibh siad i réim freisin. Sin iad na teangacha a dtugtar Gaeilge na hAlban agus an Mhanainnis orthu inniu. Tá an Ghaeilge gaolmhar freisin leis na canúintí Ceiltise a bhí á labhairt sa Bhreatain ag na Ceiltigh a lonnaigh ansin. Na teangacha a d'fhorbair ón mbrainse seo don Cheiltis ná an Bhreatnais, an Bhriotáinis agus an Choirnis. Is minic a thugtar P-Cheiltis orthu sin agus Q-Cheiltis ar an nGaeilge, ar Ghaeilge na hAlban agus ar an Manainnis. Baineann na hainmneacha sin leis an athrú a tháinig ar an bhfuaim Ind-Eorpach q. Coinníodh sa Q-Cheiltis í mar q nó c ach athraíodh go p í sa P-Cheiltis. Tá na difríochtaí sin le feiscint inniu, mar shampla sa bhfocal Ghaeilge ceann arb é pen an focal céanna sa Bhreatnais.
Forbairt na Gaeilge
Dr. Briona Nic Dhiarmada, Author of the Irish Language & Legends Feature
Dr. Bríona NicDhiarmada lectures in Irish in the Dept. Of Languages and Cultural Studies, University of Limerick. She was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and UCD. Among her publications are Téacs agus Comhthéacs (with M.Ní Annracháin), Cork University Press 1998 as well as various articles on aspects of Irish language literature. She was a contributing editor to The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing Vols. IV & V. She has previously worked as a scriptwriter and as a producer/director in television.
Dr. Briona Nic Dhiarmada, Author of the Irish Language & Legends Feature
Dr. Bríona NicDhiarmada lectures in Irish in the Dept. Of Languages and Cultural Studies, University of Limerick. She was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and UCD. Among her publications are Téacs agus Comhthéacs (with M.Ní Annracháin), Cork University Press 1998 as well as various articles on aspects of Irish language literature. She was a contributing editor to The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing Vols. IV & V. She has previously worked as a scriptwriter and as a producer/director in television.
Athraíonn teangacha thar am agus ní haon eisceacht í an Ghaeilge. Áiríonn scoláirí ceithre saintréimhse i bhforbairt na teanga scríofa:
1. An tSean-Ghaeilge: 600-900
2. An Mheán-Ghaeilge: 900-1200
3. An Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch nó An Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach: 1200-1650
4. An Nua-Ghaeilge: 1650 - an lá atá inniu ann.
Teastaíonn oiliúint scoláiriúil chun an tSean-Ghaeilge agus an Mheán-Ghaeilge a léamh inniu. Cé go bhfuil Caighdeán Oifigiúil i bhfeidhm sa Ghaeilge scríofa le roinnt blianta, tá trí mhórchanúint i gceist go fóill sa teanga labhartha, mar atá: Gaeilge na Mumhan, Gaeilge Chonnacht agus Gaeilge Uladh.
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